《陳雷文選》

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寫hō͘學生朋友ê代誌 38 - 關鍵物種

(Siá hō͘ ha̍k-seng pêng-iú ê tāi-chì 38)(寫hō͘學生朋友ê代誌 38)

Koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng / 關鍵物種

1969 nî Robert Paine sin-seⁿ tī Bí-kok ka-chiu hái-hōaⁿ chò chi̍t-ê chin kan-tan ê si̍t-giām. Tī hái-tiòng kap thè-lâu ê chúi-ūi tiong-kan ū chin-chē chióng-lūi ê seng-bu̍t, pau-hâm hái-chháu, bû kha-chiah-kut tōng-bu̍t, hái-chhiⁿ(starfish)kap giô-poe(mussel). In hō͘-siong kèng-cheng, tī hit-ê sió khoân-kéng lāi-té chō-sêng chi̍t-ê ún-tēng ê, tek-pia̍t ê seⁿ-thài hē-thóng. Paine kā hái-chhiⁿ ùi chit-ê khoân-kéng the̍h-tiāu. Giô-poe bô hái-chhiⁿ kā chia̍h, sit-khì khòng-chè, thòaⁿ kah chi̍t tōa-tui. Pat-hāng seng-bu̍t sit-khì seng-chûn ê khong-kan. Kiat-kó tī chi̍t-tang lāi, hit ê hoān-ûi lāi ê seng-bu̍t chióng-lūi sit-khì chi̍t-pòaⁿ. Lî-chhiáⁿ chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khak-tēng, nā-sī hái-chhiⁿ koh khǹg tò-tńg--khì, seⁿ-thài tō koh hôe-ho̍k. I kā chi̍t-ê hái-chhiⁿ hō-chò koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng(keystone species).

1969年 Robert Paine先生tī 美國加州海岸做一个真簡單ê實驗. Tī海漲kap退流ê水位中間有真chē種類ê生物, 包含海草, 無kha-chiah骨動物, 海星(starfish)kap giô-poe(mussel). In互相競爭, tī hit个小環境內底造成一个穩定ê, 特別ê生態系統. Paine kā海星ùi這个環境the̍h掉. Giô-poe無海星kā食, 失去控制, thòaⁿ kah一大堆. 別項生物失去生存ê空間. 結果tī一冬內, hit个範圍內ê生物種類失去 一半. 而且進一步確定, 若是kā海星koh khǹg倒轉--去, 生態tō koh回復. 伊kā 這个海星號做關鍵物種(keystone species).

Beh liáu-kái seng-bu̍t-kài ê to-goân hiān-siōng(biodiversity), koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng sī chin tiōng-iàu ê koan-liām. Tī bó͘ chi̍t-ê khoân-kéng lāi-té, ū bó͘ chi̍t-hāng tek-pia̍t ê chióng-lūi khòng-chè kui-ê seng-thài ê ún-tēng pêng-hêng. Sit-khì chi̍t-ê phín-chióng, tō ē giâm-tiōng kiám-chió to-goân chióng-lūi, seng-thài. Chhin-chhiūⁿ téng-bīn hái-chhiⁿ ê lē.

Beh瞭解生物界ê多元現象(biodiversity), 關鍵物種是真重要ê觀念. Tī某一个環境內底, 有某一項特別重要ê種類控制規个生態ê穩定平衡. 失去這个品種, tō ē嚴重減少多元種類, 生態. 親像頂面海星ê例.

1969 nî í-lâi, ū khak-tēng chin-chē kî-tha ê koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng, chhin-chhiūⁿ soa-hî, hái-chúi-thoah(sea otter), Hui-chiu chhiūⁿ, phú-lông(gray wolf), Saguaro sian-jîn-cháng, bô-hoe-kó chhiū, hái-thoah(beaver)chióng-chióng. Siōng chhut-miâ tō-sī Bí-kok N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g ê lē. 1924 nî kong-hn̂g ê lông hō͘ lâng thâi choa̍t liáu-āu, chháu-si̍t ê tōng-bu̍t seⁿ-thòaⁿ sit-khì khòng-chè, phò-hāi kong-hn̂g ê chháu-tē, chhiū-nâ, ín-khí chi̍t liân-sòa bu̍t-chióng siau-sit. 1973 nî jîn-kang kā phú-lông khǹg tńg-khì kong-hn̂g í-āu, piàn-hòa chin bêng-hián, kàu-taⁿ N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g hián-sī chin khì-phài ê seng-thài hôe-ho̍k.

1969 年以來, 有確定真chē其他ê關鍵物種, 親像沙魚, 海水獺(sea otter), 非洲象, phú狼(gray wolf), Saguaro仙人掌, 無花果樹, 海獺(beaver)種種.上出名tō是美國黃石公園ê例. 1924年公園ê狼hō͘人thâi絕了後, 草食ê動物生thòaⁿ失去控制, 破壞公園ê草地, 樹林, 引起一連續物種消失. 1973年人工kā phú狼khǹg轉去公園以後, 變化真明顯, 到taⁿ黃石公園顯示真氣派ê生態回復.

Tān-sī koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng ê koan-liām siōng koan-kiàn ê koan-liām sī I hū-bīn ê kà-sī. Siau-bia̍t koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng, seⁿ-thài tō ē giâm-tiōng phò-hāi. Lâng sī siōng-tōa ê koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng siau-bia̍t-chiá.

但是關鍵物種ê觀念上關鍵ê是伊負面ê教示. 消滅關鍵物種, 生態tō ē嚴重破壞. 人是上大ê關鍵物種消滅者.

(Chok-chiá chù:chhiáⁿ-iōng pe̍h-ōe-jī)(作者注:請用白話字)